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Bell's palsy and herpes simplex virus.

A Vahlne, S Edström, P Arstila

    Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |February 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bell's palsy may be linked to herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation. While recent viral infections didn't differ, HSV antibodies were more prevalent and higher in Bell's palsy patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Virology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Bell's palsy is a sudden facial nerve paralysis of unknown cause.
    • Viral infections are suspected but not definitively proven triggers.
    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a potential candidate pathogen.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between viral infections and Bell's palsy.
    • To compare recent viral infections in Bell's palsy patients versus controls.
    • To specifically assess the role of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in Bell's palsy.

    Main Methods:

    • Study included 142 Bell's palsy patients and a matched control group.
    • Viral infections assessed via antibody titers (IgM, complement-fixation [CF]) and radioimmunoassay (RIA).
    • Prevalence and levels of HSV antibodies were specifically analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • No statistical difference in recent viral infections between patients and controls.
    • Significantly higher prevalence of HSV antibodies in Bell's palsy patients (CF and RIA).
    • Elevated titers of HSV CF antibodies and HSV envelope antigen antibodies (RIA) in patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Reactivated herpes simplex virus infection is a potential cause of Bell's palsy.
    • Transient demyelination of the facial nerve by HSV is discussed.
    • Further research into HSV's role in Bell's palsy pathogenesis is warranted.

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