Lithium chloride and delta-9-THC lead to conditioned aversions in the pigeon

Conditioned aversive effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were demonstrated in pigeons. Pigeons injected with 0.15 M LiCl showed a reduction in preference for red water compared to pigeons injected with NaCl (P less than 0.001). Pigeons injected with saline or vehicle showed the same preference for red water while the pigeons injected with 2.0 mg/kg of THC showed a decreased preference (P less than 0.05).