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Congenital microhydranencephalus in cattle.

M K Axthelm, H W Leipold, U M Jayasekara

    The Cornell Veterinarian
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Five calves were diagnosed with hydranencephaly and porencephalic cerebellum. Bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) was identified as the likely cause of these neurological defects in the herd.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Pathology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Hydranencephaly is a severe congenital brain malformation.
    • Porencephaly involves cavitation within the brain parenchyma.
    • Bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a significant infectious agent in cattle.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a case series of hydranencephaly with cerebellar porencephaly in calves.
    • To investigate the etiology of these neurological abnormalities.
    • To identify potential causative agents in affected cattle.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination of affected calves.
    • Postmortem examination and histopathology.
    • Detection of Bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) antigens in tissues.

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    Main Results:

    • Five calves from an 80-cow herd presented with hydranencephaly and porencephalic cavitation of the cerebellum over two years.
    • Clinical signs included blindness, fine head tremors, and limb rigidity.
    • BVD-MD antigens were detected in the tissues of two affected calves.

    Conclusions:

    • Bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a likely cause of hydranencephaly and porencephalic cerebellar cavitation in this cattle herd.
    • Early diagnosis and control of BVD-MD are crucial for preventing such congenital defects.
    • This finding highlights the teratogenic potential of BVD-MD virus in bovine populations.