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Human prolactin. cDNA structural analysis and evolutionary comparisons.

N E Cooke, D Coit, J Shine

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |April 25, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study sequenced human prolactin (Prl) DNA, revealing evolutionary insights. The findings establish an evolutionary clock for the prolactin hormone set, dating gene divergence and recombination events.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Prolactin (Prl), growth hormone, and chorionic sommatomammotropin share biological and genetic similarities, suggesting a common ancestral gene.
    • Previous studies indicated evolutionary relationships based on protein and nucleic acid sequences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clone, amplify, and sequence DNA complementary to human prolactin (Prl) mRNA.
    • To compare nucleotide sequences within the prolactin set of genes in humans.
    • To establish an evolutionary clock for the prolactin gene set.

    Main Methods:

    • Cloning and bacterial amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) from human pituitary adenoma mRNA.
    • DNA sequencing of the cloned cDNA, covering coding and untranslated regions of preprolactin.

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  • Analysis of nucleotide sequence divergence to estimate evolutionary divergence times.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully cloned and sequenced 914 bases of human preprolactin cDNA.
    • Identified 8 positional differences in the predicted amino acid sequence compared to previous reports.
    • Established an evolutionary clock for the prolactin gene set based on sequence divergence.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a comprehensive comparison of nucleotide sequences for the prolactin hormone set in humans.
    • Postulated chromosomal segregation of human prolactin and growth hormone occurred approximately 392 million years ago.
    • Suggests intrachromosomal recombination between growth hormone and chorionic sommatomammotropin occurred within the last 10 million years.