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Related Concept Videos

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Centralized intravenous admixture program for nine British hospitals.

E R Tallett

    American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
    |February 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new centralized intravenous (IV) admixture service was developed for nine UK hospitals, focusing on strict aseptic techniques. This service ensures IV admixtures are prepared only when medically necessary, optimizing patient care.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacy Practice
    • Healthcare Management
    • Infection Control

    Background:

    • Centralized intravenous admixture services (CIVAS) offer potential benefits in efficiency and safety.
    • Implementing such services requires careful planning regarding infrastructure, staffing, and quality control.
    • Strict adherence to aseptic techniques is paramount in parenteral medication preparation to prevent microbial contamination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the development and implementation of a centralized intravenous admixture service across nine British hospitals.
    • To emphasize the critical role of strict aseptic technique in the preparation of intravenous admixtures.
    • To define the criteria for producing admixtures, limiting them to cases with clear clinical indications.

    Main Methods:

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    Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers
    12:13

    Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers

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  • Establishment of a centralized facility for preparing intravenous admixtures.
  • Implementation of rigorous aseptic techniques and quality control measures throughout the production process.
  • Development of protocols for determining the necessity of intravenous admixture preparation based on clinical indications.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful establishment of a centralized IV admixture service serving nine hospitals.
    • Consistent application of strict aseptic techniques in all admixture preparations.
    • Adherence to guidelines limiting production to essential IV administrations.

    Conclusions:

    • A centralized IV admixture service can be effectively developed and implemented in a multi-hospital setting.
    • Strict aseptic technique is a fundamental requirement for safe and effective IV admixture preparation.
    • Judicious use of admixtures, based on clinical need, is essential for resource optimization and patient safety.