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[Experimental monkey encephalitis caused by Powassan virus].

M P Frolova, L M Isachkova, N M Shestopalova

    Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952)
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study found that Powassan virus strains from the USSR and Canada cause identical experimental encephalitis in monkeys. The virus shows strong neurotropism, impacting neurons and glial cells, aiding in diagnosing unexplained encephalitis cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Neurology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Powassan virus is an emerging tick-borne flavivirus with potential neuroinvasive capabilities.
    • Understanding Powassan virus strains is crucial for diagnosing and managing encephalitis cases.
    • Previous research has not fully compared different geographic isolates of Powassan virus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comparatively analyze the pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of two Powassan virus strains in a primate model.
    • To investigate the neurotropic potential and ultrastructural characteristics of Powassan virus within the central nervous system.
    • To establish the etiological link between Powassan virus and specific encephalitis presentations.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental infection of Macaca rhesus monkeys with Powassan virus strains (Primorye P-40 and Canadian LB).

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  • Clinical observation and pathomorphological analysis of experimentally induced encephalitis.
  • Electron microscopy of central nervous system tissues to visualize viral particles and cellular targets.

    • Main Results:

    • Both Powassan virus strains induced identical clinical and pathological pictures of encephalitis in rhesus monkeys.
    • Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Powassan virus within neurons, glial cells, and intercellular spaces of the CNS.
    • Viral particles exhibited uniform spherical morphology, measuring 37-45 nm in diameter, indicating conserved ultrastructural properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Powassan virus demonstrates significant neurotropism, infecting various neural cell types.
    • The Primorye P-40 strain is indistinguishable in pathogenicity and viral characteristics from the Canadian LB strain.
    • Findings support Powassan virus as a potential etiological agent in human encephalitis cases, particularly those lacking a clear association with other known encephalitis viruses.