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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

The somatic replication of DNA methylation.

M Wigler, D Levy, M Perucho

    Cell
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    DNA methylation patterns are replicated in vertebrate somatic cells, though not perfectly. Methylation of a specific gene also reduced its transformation efficiency in cultured mouse cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Epigenetics
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism involved in gene regulation.
    • Understanding the fidelity of DNA methylation pattern replication is essential for comprehending inheritance and development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether DNA methylation patterns are replicated in vertebrate somatic cells.
    • To assess the fidelity of this replication process over multiple cell generations.
    • To examine the impact of DNA methylation on gene transformation efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro methylation of bacteriophage phi X174 RF DNA and the chicken thymidine kinase (tk) gene using M-Hpa II enzyme.
    • Introduction of methylated and unmethylated DNAs into cultured mouse cells via DNA-mediated transformation.

    More Related Videos

    Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
    09:42

    Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

    Published on: September 7, 2017

    Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
    07:50

    Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

    Published on: August 29, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

    Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
    07:13

    Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

    Published on: August 16, 2016

    Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
    09:42

    Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

    Published on: September 7, 2017

    Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
    07:50

    Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

    Published on: August 29, 2018

  • Analysis of DNA methylation status after 25 cell generations using restriction endonuclease digestion and blot hybridization.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA methylation at Hpa II sites was found to be replicated in cultured mouse cells.
    • The replication of methylation patterns was not 100% accurate.
    • Methylation of the cloned chicken tk gene decreased its transformation efficiency compared to unmethylated DNA.

    Conclusions:

    • Vertebrate somatic cells replicate DNA methylation patterns, but with imperfect fidelity.
    • DNA methylation can influence the efficiency of gene transfer and transformation.