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Related Experiment Videos

Codeine-induced memory changes: nature and relationship to opiate system.

R Liljequist

    European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Codeine phosphate improved learning and recall in a serial learning task. These memory enhancements, particularly recall, were observed when learning and recall occurred under the same codeine dose and were counteracted by naloxone, suggesting opiate receptor involvement.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Codeine is an opioid analgesic with known central nervous system effects.
    • The precise impact of codeine on cognitive functions like learning and memory remains incompletely understood.
    • Opiate receptors are implicated in various brain functions, including those related to memory.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of codeine phosphate on learning and recall processes.
    • To determine the dose-dependent effects of codeine on memory performance.
    • To explore the potential role of opiate receptors in codeine-induced memory modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Three experiments involving 33 subjects orally administered codeine phosphate (25, 50, 100 mg).
    • Learning and recall assessed using associative, serial, and concept learning tasks.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Flicker fusion frequency measured to evaluate general vigilance.
  • Naloxone administered to nine subjects with codeine (50 mg) to assess opiate receptor involvement.

    • Main Results:

    • Codeine 100 mg improved learning performance in the serial learning task 3 hours post-administration.
    • Codeine 25 mg enhanced recall when learning occurred 1 hour and recall 24 hours after drug intake, provided both occurred under codeine.
    • A trend for enhanced recall was observed with codeine 50 mg, which was reversed by naloxone, supporting opiate receptor mediation.

    Conclusions:

    • Codeine can enhance specific aspects of learning and memory, particularly recall in serial learning tasks.
    • The observed memory effects are dependent on the dose of codeine and the timing of learning and recall relative to drug administration.
    • Evidence suggests that codeine's effects on memory are mediated through the opiate receptor system, highlighting its role in cognitive function.