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Adeno-viral kerato conjunctivitis.

R M Stasiuk, I F Robertson

    Australian Journal of Ophthalmology
    |February 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    An epidemic of epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis occurred in Melbourne from 1976-1979, primarily caused by adenovirus types 8 and 19. Hospital staff and specific medical procedures were identified as sources of infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Virology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • An epidemic of epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis occurred in Melbourne, Australia, between 1976 and 1979.
    • The study involved 422 patients seen at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital's adeno-viral clinic.
    • Patients were referred from the hospital's Casualty Department and private practices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the causative agents of the epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis.
    • To investigate the modes of transmission, including hospital-acquired infections.
    • To discuss treatment and prevention strategies for epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Viral cultures were performed on patients presenting with Kerato-Conjunctivitis.
    • Adenovirus and Herpes Simplex virus type 1 were specifically tested for.
    • Patient histories were reviewed to identify potential sources of infection.

    Main Results:

    • Adenovirus was confirmed in 72 patients, with types 8 and 19 predominating.
    • Sporadic cases of adenovirus types 1, 3, 4, and 7 were isolated.
    • Herpes Simplex virus type 1 was positive in 13 patients.
    • Hospital staff were implicated in the spread of adenovirus type 8.
    • Novel transmission routes included post-corneal foreign body removal and post-beta-irradiation pterygium surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Adenovirus types 8 and 19 were the primary causes of the 1976-1979 Melbourne epidemic of Kerato-Conjunctivitis.
    • Hospital-acquired infections and specific iatrogenic procedures represent significant, previously unreported, transmission pathways.
    • Effective prevention strategies are crucial to control the spread of epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis in clinical settings.

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