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Subcellular mechanisms involving vitamin D.

H F DeLuca

    Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    The vitamin D endocrine system converts vitamin D into a hormone, 1,25-(OH)2D3, in the liver and kidney. While its function is understood, the precise molecular mechanisms and gene products remain areas for further research.

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    A new, highly sensitive assay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D not requiring high-performance liquid chromatography: application of monoclonal antibody against vitamin D receptor to radioreceptor assay.

    Analytical biochemistry·1992

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Mineral Metabolism

    Background:

    • A vitamin D endocrine system has been established over the past 15 years.
    • Vitamin D is converted to its active hormonal form, 1,25-(OH)2D3, through sequential liver and kidney hydroxylation.
    • The physiological regulation and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D activation are partially understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system.
    • To highlight the knowns and unknowns regarding the regulation and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D activation and action.
    • To discuss the nuclear-mediated action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and its receptors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on vitamin D metabolism and action.
    • Characterization of vitamin D receptors.
    • Identification of vitamin D-responsive gene products.

    Main Results:

    • The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25-(OH)2D3, is produced via regulated hydroxylations.
    • Receptors for 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been identified and characterized.
    • A calcium-binding protein has been identified as a product, but its role is debated.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in understanding the vitamin D endocrine system.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of 1-hydroxylase modulation.
    • The interaction of the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor with the nucleus and its downstream gene products requires further investigation.

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