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Related Experiment Videos

Herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical Assessment.

R J Whitley, S J Soong, C Linneman

    JAMA
    |January 15, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) diagnosis requires brain biopsy for confirmation. Clinical and neurodiagnostic findings can predict HSE in 83% of cases but may yield false positives.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Virology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological condition.
    • Antiviral agents are evaluated for HSE treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze clinical data from 113 patients with virologically confirmed HSE.
    • To evaluate diagnostic methods for HSE.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical data collection from 113 patients with confirmed HSE.
    • Analysis of neurodiagnostic aids including EEG, technetium scans, and CT scans.
    • Logistic regression model for variable selection to predict diagnosis.

    Main Results:

    • HSE occurred across all ages and sexes, nonseasonally.

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  • Characteristic symptoms include behavioral changes, fever, confusion, and speech disturbances.
  • EEG was the most useful neurodiagnostic aid, followed by technetium and CT scans.
  • Clinical and neurodiagnostic tests predicted HSE in 83% of cases, with 25% false positives.
  • Focal findings were present in most patients, including those without HSE.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain scans were often normal in confirmed HSE cases.

    • Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis of HSE can only be definitively confirmed by brain biopsy.
    • Clinical and neurodiagnostic findings are valuable but not solely sufficient for diagnosis.