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Avian pox in blue-fronted Amazon parrots.

S E McDonald, L J Lowenstine, A A Ardans

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    An avian pox virus outbreak affected blue-fronted Amazon parrots, causing severe eye and oral lesions. While secondary infections increased mortality, uncomplicated cases typically resolved.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Avian Medicine
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Avian pox, a viral disease, can affect various bird species.
    • Psittacine birds, including Amazon parrots, are susceptible to poxvirus infections.
    • Understanding disease dynamics in captive bird populations is crucial for management.

    Observation:

    • An epornitic of avian pox occurred in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) over one month.
    • Clinical signs included conjunctivitis, blepharitis, anorexia, and respiratory distress.
    • Lesions ranged from periocular ulcerations to oral necrotic plaques.

    Findings:

    • Histopathology revealed epithelial hyperplasia, inflammation, and characteristic eosinophilic inclusions containing poxvirus.
    • Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of poxvirus within the observed lesions.
    • Inoculation of chicken embryos with lesion material resulted in avian pox lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane.

    Implications:

    • The high mortality rate was attributed to secondary bacterial and fungal infections.
    • Uncomplicated avian pox cases in these parrots were generally self-limiting.
    • The outbreak also affected other psittacine species in the same quarantine facility, highlighting potential transmission risks.

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