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Vitamin D compounds in cows' milk.

L E Reeve, N A Jorgensen, H F DeLuca

    The Journal of Nutrition
    |April 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cow's milk contains vitamin D compounds that fully explain its biological activity. Studies found no evidence of a highly active, water-soluble form of vitamin D in milk.

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    A new, highly sensitive assay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D not requiring high-performance liquid chromatography: application of monoclonal antibody against vitamin D receptor to radioreceptor assay.

    Analytical biochemistry·1992

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Biochemistry
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Cow's milk possesses significant vitamin D activity.
    • The specific forms and quantities of vitamin D in milk were not fully characterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and quantify vitamin D compounds in cow's milk.
    • To determine if known vitamin D metabolites account for the total observed vitamin D activity in milk.

    Main Methods:

    • Vitamin D activity was assessed by measuring intestinal calcium transport in vitamin D-deficient rats.
    • Four vitamin D compounds were isolated using Sephadex LH-20, Lipidex 5000, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
    • Quantification of specific metabolites (24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol) was performed using binding protein assays and chromatography.

    Main Results:

    • The identified vitamin D compounds in milk include 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (145 ng/L), cholecalciferol (281 ng/L), 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (27 ng/L), and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (4.9 ng/L).
    • These compounds account for the total measured biological vitamin D activity in milk.
    • A 14-fold increase in dietary vitamin D intake resulted in only a twofold increase in milk vitamin D levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The known forms of vitamin D in cow's milk fully explain its observed biological activity.
    • There is no evidence supporting the existence of a highly active, water-soluble form of vitamin D in milk.

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