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[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]
Insights
Ceftizoxime (CZX) demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics and an 84.6% effectiveness rate in pediatric infections, including bronchitis and UTIs. This cephalosporin antibiotic shows promise for treating various childhood infections with minimal side effects.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Context:
- Ceftizoxime (CZX) is a novel cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Pediatric pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy require thorough investigation.
Purpose:
- To investigate the pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime in children with normal renal and hepatic function.
- To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ceftizoxime in pediatric patients with diverse infections.
Summary:
- Pharmacokinetic studies in 9 children showed dose-dependent serum levels and biological half-lives of 0.95–2.55 hours. Approximately 80% of CZX was renally excreted within 6 hours.
- Clinical evaluation in 26 pediatric patients revealed an overall effectiveness rate of 84.6% across various infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections.
- Ceftizoxime was well-tolerated, with only one patient experiencing a mild, transient increase in liver enzymes (GOT and GPT).
Impact:
- Ceftizoxime exhibits promising pharmacokinetic properties and significant clinical effectiveness in pediatric patients.
- The study suggests ceftizoxime is a valuable antibiotic for treating a broad spectrum of infections in children.
- Further research may solidify ceftizoxime's role in pediatric infectious disease management.
Abstract:
Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.