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[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatric field on ceftizoxime (author's transl)]
Insights
Ceftizoxime demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy in pediatric patients. This antibiotic achieved therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid concentrations and showed high effectiveness in treating various pediatric infections with minimal side effects.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
- Antibiotic Therapy
Context:
- Ceftizoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Pediatric infections require careful consideration of drug pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes.
- Limited data exists on ceftizoxime's specific pediatric pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime in pediatric patients.
- To assess the penetration of ceftizoxime into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of ceftizoxime in treating pediatric infections.
Summary:
- Pharmacokinetic studies in children (3-5 years) showed a mean serum half-life of 1.03 hours after intravenous infusion. Mean urinary recovery was 64.9% within 6 hours.
- Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in a purulent meningitis case were significantly higher than minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of causative organisms.
- Clinical efficacy was high (87.5% excellent or good response) in 38 children with pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections, with only one case of rash reported.
Impact:
- Ceftizoxime exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties in children, supporting its use in this population.
- Adequate CSF penetration suggests efficacy against central nervous system infections.
- The study confirms ceftizoxime's effectiveness and safety for treating common pediatric bacterial infections.
Abstract:
Fundamental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on ceftizoxime were carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. In 4 children age from 3 years to 5 years, the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ceftizoxime in a dose of 20 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion over 60 minutes were measured. The peak serum levels were 22.0--84.0 microgram/ml (mean 45.0 microgram/ml) at the end of infusion. The mean serum levels after the end of infusion were 16.9 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 12.1 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 6.2 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 1.6 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.6 microgram/ml at 6 hours, with mean serum half-life (T 1/2) of 1.03 hours, mean urinary recovery rate was 64.9% up to 6 hours. 2. Concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 patient with purulent meningitis at 30 minutes after an intravenous drip infusion of about 33.3 mg/kg were 0.2 to 1.5 microgram/ml, which were 8 to 60 times higher than the MICs of the causative organisms. 3. Ceftizoxime was administered to 38 children with pneumonia, bronchitis, Salmonella enteritis, purulent meningitis, etc. in the daily dose of 44--200 mg/kg for 3--19 days. Clinical response was excellent in 24, good in 12, poor in 1 and unknown in 1. The drug was proved to be very effective in 1 case of purulent meningitis due to H. influenzae. As for side effect, eruption was observed in only 1 case.