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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes
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Phasmids: hybrids between ColE1 plasmids and E. coli bacteriophage lambda.

S Brenner, G Cesareni, J Karn

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed "phasmids," novel genetic elements combining plasmids and bacteriophage lambda. These phasmids facilitate genetic manipulation by enabling easy interconversion between plasmid and phage states for cloned sequences.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Bacteriophage lambda recombination systems can integrate plasmids into the phage genome.
    • Standard lambda phage crosses require specific genome lengths for viable progeny.
    • Plasmids carrying lambda att sites can be integrated into bacteriophage genomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for integrating plasmids into the bacteriophage lambda genome.
    • To create novel genetic elements, termed phasmids, for genetic manipulation.
    • To enable easy interconversion between plasmid and phage states for cloned sequences.

    Main Methods:

    • Site-specific recombination mechanism of lambda phage was utilized.
    • Mixed infection of Escherichia coli with a plasmid-carrying strain and two lambda phages.
    • Phage arms of insufficient length were complemented by plasmid integration to create viable recombinants (phasmids).

    Main Results:

    • Viable recombinant genomes, termed phasmids, were obtained by integrating plasmids into bacteriophage lambda.
    • Phasmids contain multiple att sites, enabling release of plasmid components via integrase-mediated recombination.
    • These phasmids serve as versatile vectors for genetic manipulation experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • Phasmids represent a novel class of genetic elements with dual plasmid and phage characteristics.
    • The developed method allows for efficient integration and subsequent release of plasmid sequences within a phage context.
    • Phasmids offer a flexible platform for studying cloned sequences in both plasmid and phage forms.