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Mousepox (infectious ectromelia): past, present, and future.

F Fenner

    Laboratory Animal Science
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mousepox, an orthopoxvirus infection, causes varied disease severity in mice, from mild to fatal hepatitis. Vaccination with vaccinia virus offers protection and aids in eradicating this significant mouse pathogen.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Rodent Health

    Background:

    • Mousepox is a significant orthopoxvirus infection affecting laboratory mice, first identified in England in 1930.
    • The virus has historically been enzootic in mouse populations across Europe, Japan, and China, posing a continuous threat to research settings.
    • Despite not being native to North America or Australia, mousepox has been introduced, leading to severe outbreaks (epizootics).

    Observation:

    • Mousepox presents a spectrum of clinical signs dependent on mouse genotype, ranging from acute hepatitis with high mortality to inapparent infections.
    • The virus can contaminate or replace other viruses during mouse passage and spread through intact mice, tumors, or tissues.
    • Transmission between mouse stocks highlights the challenges in maintaining disease-free research animal populations.

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    Findings:

    • Mousepox infection severity is highly variable, influenced by the host mouse's genetic makeup.
    • The virus demonstrates a capacity for horizontal transmission within and between mouse colonies through various biological materials.
    • Vaccinia virus vaccination has proven effective in protecting mice and controlling mousepox outbreaks.

    Implications:

    • Effective control strategies for mousepox include vaccination with vaccinia virus and, in severe cases, depopulation and sterilization of infected facilities.
    • Understanding mouse genotype-specific susceptibility is crucial for managing and preventing mousepox outbreaks in research settings.
    • Preventing the introduction and spread of mousepox is vital for maintaining the integrity of biomedical research reliant on healthy mouse models.