[3H]Etorphine binding activity in early chick embryos: brain and body tissue

Stereospecific [3H]etorphine binding has been detected in chick embryos as early as day 4 of incubation in both brain and body tissue. By day 10 of incubation [3H]etorphine stereospecific binding activity is not detectable in nonneuronal tissue. The ubiquitous opiate binding sites early in embryogenesis are high affinity and respond to ion and GTP regulation in a manner similar to adult brain tissue. We interpret our observations to indicate all embryonic cells prior to cell differentiation contain opiate receptors. Therefore, we propose that opiate receptors play a dual role; one function early in embryogenesis not associated with neurotransmitter regulation, and another function later in embryonic development and in the adult: the classical neurotransmitter regulatory function.