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Poliovirus empty capsid morphogenesis: evidence for conformational differences between self- and extract-assembled

J R Putnak, B A Phillips

    Journal of Virology
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals distinct poliovirus empty capsid structures. Naturally occurring procapsids are protease-resistant, unlike self-assembled capsids, indicating differences in poliovirus morphogenesis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Structural Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Poliovirus empty capsids exist in different forms, including procapsids and self-assembled capsids.
    • Understanding the structural and conformational differences between these capsid species is crucial for elucidating poliovirus morphogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural conformations of different poliovirus empty capsid species.
    • To differentiate between naturally occurring procapsids and in vitro assembled empty capsids using biochemical and biophysical techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Isoelectric focusing to determine capsid isoelectric points.
    • Proteolytic digestion using trypsin and chymotrypsin to assess proteinase sensitivity.
    • Surface-specific radioiodination to identify exposed capsid proteins.

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  • Antigenic characterization (N and H antigenicity).
  • Sedimentation analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Naturally occurring procapsids (pI 6.8) and extract-assembled capsids were resistant to proteolytic digestion, while self-assembled capsids (pI 5.0) were sensitive, primarily affecting VP0 and VP1.
    • Surface iodination labeled VP1 on virions and procapsids, but predominantly VP0 on self-assembled capsids.
    • Procapsids and extract-assembled capsids exhibited N antigenicity, whereas self-assembled capsids were H antigenic.
    • Self-assembled capsids did not convert to the procapsid form upon incubation with infected extract.

    Conclusions:

    • Poliovirus empty capsid species exhibit distinct structural and conformational properties.
    • These differences are critical for understanding the distinct pathways of poliovirus capsid assembly and maturation.
    • The study provides insights into the structural basis of poliovirus morphogenesis and the transition from empty capsids to infectious virions.