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Volume regulation by human lymphocytes: characterization of the ionic basis for regulatory volume decrease.

R K Cheung, S Grinstein, H M Dosch

    Journal of Cellular Physiology
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulate volume in hypotonic solutions by losing potassium ions. This regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is a passive process, crucial for cell survival under osmotic stress.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Cellular volume regulation is critical for maintaining homeostasis.
    • Hypotonic stress challenges cell integrity, necessitating adaptive mechanisms.
    • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) are key immune cells requiring precise volume control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in human PBM cells under hypotonic conditions.
    • To identify the ion transport pathways involved in RVD.
    • To assess the role of the Na+-K+ pump in hypotonic volume regulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Electronic cell sizing to monitor cell volume changes.
    • Electron microscopy to assess cellular morphology.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Cellular water content determination.
  • Radioisotope flux assays (86Rb and 22Na) to measure ion transport.
  • Pharmacological inhibition (ouabain) and ion substitution experiments.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypotonic swelling in PBM cells is followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD).
    • RVD rate is proportional to hypotonicity; cell viability is maintained.
    • RVD involves a passive loss of intracellular potassium (K+), indicated by increased 86Rb efflux, while sodium (Na+) content remains unchanged.
    • The Na+-K+ pump activity increases with swelling, but is not essential for RVD.
    • High extracellular K+ or Rb+ prevents shrinking, leading to secondary swelling.

    Conclusions:

    • RVD in human PBM cells is primarily mediated by a selective, passive increase in K+ permeability.
    • The Na+-K+ pump activation during swelling is secondary and not required for RVD.
    • Understanding RVD mechanisms is vital for comprehending cell responses to osmotic stress and immune cell function.