Prognostic factors in fresh water immersion

|March 1, 1982

Summary

Hematuria and high plasma hemoglobin levels in fresh water immersion victims indicate a poor prognosis. These factors significantly correlate with complicated courses, death, or severe complications like Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Fresh water immersion incidents can lead to severe health consequences.
Identifying prognostic factors is crucial for managing immersion victims.

Purpose of the Study:

To retrospectively analyze factors influencing outcomes in fresh water immersion patients.
To determine the prognostic significance of specific clinical indicators.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 63 fresh water immersion patient records from 1969-1978.
Evaluation of admission parameters including hematuria and plasma hemoglobin levels.

Main Results:

All 19 patients with hematuria experienced complicated courses or died.
Nine patients with plasma hemoglobin ≥30 mg/dl had a high mortality rate (5/9) or developed Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (4/9).
Other measured parameters showed limited prognostic value.

Conclusions:

Hematuria on admission is a strong predictor of poor outcomes in fresh water immersion.
Elevated plasma hemoglobin levels are associated with increased mortality and severe respiratory complications.
Early identification of these markers can aid in risk stratification and patient management.

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Prognostic factors in fresh water immersion

Area of Science:

Background:

Purpose of the Study:

Main Methods:

Main Results:

Conclusions:

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