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Epizootic coronaviral typhlocolitis in suckling mice.

S W Barthold, A L Smith, P F Lord

    Laboratory Animal Science
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel coronavirus caused severe typhlocolitis in laboratory mice, leading to high mortality. This mouse hepatitis virus-related agent presented unique lesions, distinct from known coronaviral diseases in mice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Virology
    • Laboratory Animal Science

    Background:

    • Epizootics of typhlocolitis caused significant morbidity and mortality in suckling mice within an arbovirology research laboratory.
    • Affected mice exhibited characteristic lesions including necrosis and hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa, particularly in the cecum and colon.
    • Epithelial syncytia were a prominent feature in affected tissues, with minimal involvement of other organs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the etiologic agent responsible for the typhlocolitis outbreaks in suckling mice.
    • To characterize the pathological findings and the nature of the causative agent.
    • To differentiate the observed coronaviral syndrome from previously reported mouse enteric diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Histopathological examination of affected intestinal tissues to identify characteristic lesions.
    • Isolation and characterization of the viral agent from affected mice.
    • Serological testing of dams and recovered animals for antibodies against the identified coronavirus.
    • Antigenic comparison of the isolate with known mouse hepatitis virus strains.

    Main Results:

    • The causative agent was identified as a coronavirus antigenically related to mouse hepatitis virus strains 1 and S.
    • Histopathology revealed severe typhlocolitis with mucosal necrosis, hyperplasia, and epithelial syncytia.
    • Sera from dams and recovered mice lacked detectable complement-fixing antibodies to the coronavirus antigen.
    • The observed lesions and viral characteristics differed from previously described coronaviral syndromes in mice.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel coronavirus, antigenically related to mouse hepatitis virus, was the cause of severe typhlocolitis in suckling mice.
    • The distinct pathological features and lack of detectable maternal antibodies suggest a unique or newly introduced viral strain.
    • The source of the infection remained undetermined, highlighting a potential challenge in controlling such outbreaks in research settings.

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