Purification, characterization, substrate and inhibitor specificity of adenosine kinase from several Eimeria species

Ribonucleosides of some pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidines have been shown to be potent anticoccidial agents. To investigate their interactions with adenosine kinase, this enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography from the sporulated oocysts of 3 avian coccidia, Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. brunetti as well as from chicken liver. Comparative studies revealed several differences among the enzymes. Magnesium appeared not to be inhibitor of the E. tenella enzyme but did inhibit the enzymes from the other three sources. ATP in excess of the magnesium concentration strongly inhibited the E. brunetti enzyme but had only a small effect on the other enzymes. The chicken liver enzyme utilized a broader variety of triphosphate donors than did any of the enzymes from Eimeria species. ATP, dATP, GTP, dGTP and ITP was the best substrates. Studies with pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine nucleosides revealed two groups of enzymes with similar inhibitor specificities, the chicken liver and E. Acervulina vs. the E. tenella and E. brunetti enzyme. This grouping roughly correlates with the in vivo anticoccidial specificity of these compounds. Substrate specificity studies using two 4-substituted pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine ribonucleosides (ethylthio- and cinnamylthio-), which have shown potent anticoccidial activity in vivo, revealed that each served as a substrate for the enzymes from E. tenella and E. acervulina. The E. tenella enzyme was the more efficient at the phosphorylation of those compounds. However, only the ethylthio- compound was detectably phosphorylated by the enzyme from E. brunetti. In contrast to the inhibitor specificity, the substrate activities of these nucleosides do not correlate well with their in vivo anticoccidial activity.