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Antacid therapy--changes in mineral metabolism
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
|January 1, 1982
Summary
Antacid use can cause side effects due to chemical composition. Aluminum and magnesium antacids pose risks, especially for those with kidney issues, potentially leading to serious health problems like encephalopathy and hypermagnesemia.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Antacids, commonly used for acid indigestion, can cause adverse effects based on their active ingredients.
- Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate are common antacid components with distinct physiological impacts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential side effects of commonly ingested antacids.
- To highlight the risks associated with antacid use, particularly in patients with renal impairment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of antacid composition and associated clinical effects.
- Analysis of patient populations at higher risk for antacid-related complications.
Main Results:
- Aluminum hydroxide can lead to phosphate depletion, bone demineralization, and osteomalacia, with increased risk of hyperaluminemia in renal failure, potentially causing dialysis-associated encephalopathy.
- Magnesium hydroxide can cause hypermagnesemia in renal insufficiency.
- Calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate may lead to milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis, especially with overuse.
Conclusions:
- Antacid-induced mineral metabolism disturbances are a concern, particularly in patients with impaired renal function.
- Careful consideration of antacid composition and patient's renal status is crucial to prevent adverse effects.