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[Pathologic hyperprolactinemia. I. Positive diagnosis and etiology].

C Vermeulen, A Bouallouche, J L Brerault

    La Semaine Des Hopitaux : Organe Fonde Par L'Association D'Enseignement Medical Des Hopitaux De Paris
    |September 23, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hyperprolactinemia, often seen in premenopausal women, has diverse causes including medications and pituitary issues. Computerized tomography is the most reliable diagnostic tool for suspected tumors when initial imaging is normal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder, primarily affecting premenopausal women.
    • Causes include medications (estrogens, neuroleptics), hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, and hypothyroidism.
    • Clinical manifestations extend beyond the typical amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, encompassing obesity, hirsutism, and infertility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the common causes and varied clinical presentations of hyperprolactinemia.
    • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of imaging techniques for identifying pituitary tumors in hyperprolactinemic patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on hyperprolactinemia causes and symptoms.
    • Analysis of diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities for pituitary lesions.

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    Main Results:

    • Drugs, functional hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, adenomas, and hypothyroidism are leading causes.
    • Non-specific symptoms like obesity, hirsutism, and infertility can also indicate hyperprolactinemia.
    • Standard X-rays are insufficient for tumor diagnosis; computerized tomography (CT) offers superior reliability.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperprolactinemia presents with diverse symptoms, necessitating a thorough diagnostic approach.
    • Computerized tomography scanning is the gold standard for diagnosing pituitary tumors in patients with hyperprolactinemia when initial evaluations are inconclusive.