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Microbeam x-ray diffraction analysis of dental calculus.

T Kani, M Kani, Y Moriwaki

    Journal of Dental Research
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human dental calculus contains hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate in porous areas, and whitlockite in dense regions. Brushite is rare, with a proposed formation mechanism involving plaque calcification transformation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Biomineralization
    • Dental Science

    Background:

    • Dental calculus, a hardened form of plaque, significantly impacts oral health.
    • Understanding its crystalline composition is crucial for dental research and treatment.
    • Previous studies have identified various mineral phases, but their distribution and formation pathways require further clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the crystalline components of human dental calculus.
    • To analyze the distribution of these components based on calculus structure.
    • To elucidate the formation mechanism of dental calculus.

    Main Methods:

    • Microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystalline phases present.
    • Samples were analyzed based on their structural characteristics (porous/zonal vs. homogeneous/highly calcified).

    Main Results:

    • Hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate were predominant in porous, zonal calculus.
    • Whitlockite was the main component in homogeneous, highly calcified calculus.
    • Brushite was found to be rare, and calcite was not detected.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystalline composition of dental calculus varies with its structural morphology.
    • A proposed formation mechanism suggests initial calcification involves octacalcium phosphate or brushite.
    • These initial phases are subsequently hydrolyzed and transformed into hydroxyapatite and/or whitlockite.

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