[Cutaneous lesions in human African trypanosomiasis]

Area of Science:

• Tropical Medicine
• Parasitology
• Dermatology

Context:

• Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.
• Trypanosoma gambiense is the primary causative agent of the more chronic West African form of HAT.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent progression to the late neurological stage.

Purpose:

• To describe the spectrum and frequency of cutaneous lesions in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense infection.
• To emphasize the significance of dermatological findings in the early diagnosis of HAT.
• To review case histories of patients treated between 1967 and 1979.

Summary:

• A retrospective review of 12 patients with Trypanosoma gambiense infection revealed frequent dermatological manifestations.
• Common lesions included trypanomas (chancres), trypanid rashes, facial edema, and pruritus, observed in 75% of cases.
• Cutaneous lesions induced by melarsoprol treatment were also noted, underscoring the impact of therapy on skin.

Impact:

• Highlights the high prevalence of dermatologic signs in Trypanosoma gambiense infections, aiding early clinical suspicion.
• Reinforces the need for thorough dermatological examination in the diagnostic workup of suspected HAT cases.
• Provides historical data on clinical presentation and treatment-related skin effects in HAT.