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Powassan virus encephalitis resembling herpes simplex encephalitis.

J A Embil, P Camfield, H Artsob

    Archives of Internal Medicine
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    A boy contracted Powassan virus encephalitis after traveling in New York and Nova Scotia. Prompt treatment with vidarabine led to a full recovery, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for this rare neurological infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Encephalitis is a serious inflammation of the brain.
    • Herpes simplex virus is a common cause of encephalitis.
    • Powassan virus is a rare but potentially severe tick-borne flavivirus.

    Observation:

    • A young male patient presented with olfactory hallucinations and temporal lobe signs.
    • Initial diagnosis suggested herpes simplex encephalitis.
    • The patient had recently traveled to New York and Nova Scotia and had contact with a groundhog.

    Findings:

    • Laboratory tests, including hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization assays, identified Powassan virus (POW) as the causative agent.
    • The patient received vidarabine treatment.

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  • The patient achieved a complete recovery.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering Powassan virus in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis, especially in patients with relevant travel history.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in POW virus infections.
    • Understanding the transmission routes, including potential contact with infected wildlife reservoirs, is vital for prevention strategies.