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Atrial natriuretic factor. Characterization and partial purification.

G Thibault, R Garcia, M Cantin

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers purified atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a peptide hormone involved in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. This purified ANF demonstrated potent natriuretic activity, significantly increasing sodium excretion.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Atrial cardiocytes contain specific granules, distinct from ventricular cells, potentially storing peptide hormones.
    • Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is hypothesized to reside within these granules.
    • Previous studies suggested ANF's role in natriuresis, but its exact nature and storage remained unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and purification of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF).
    • To determine the relationship between atrial granularity and natriuretic activity.
    • To confirm the peptide nature and potent natriuretic effect of purified ANF.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of atrial and ventricular cardiocytes.
    • Assessment of natriuretic activity under varying physiological conditions (e.g., water deprivation).

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  • Protease digestion assays and enzyme inhibition studies (Na+/K+-ATPase).
  • Multi-step chromatographic purification (Sep-Pak, Bio-Gel P-10, CM Bio-Gel, Mono S).

    • Main Results:

    • Water deprivation increased atrial granularity but decreased measurable natriuretic activity, decoupling granule number from activity.
    • ANF activity was abolished by proteases, indicating a peptide structure, and did not inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase.
    • A 1250-fold purification of ANF was achieved, increasing specific activity from 193 to 242,000.
    • Purified ANF (10 picomoles) induced a 100% increase in natriuresis, demonstrating potent activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Atrial specific granules are likely storage sites for ANF, but granule quantity does not directly correlate with natriuretic activity.
    • The active substance is a small peptide, distinct from previously described natriuretic hormones.
    • Highly purified ANF exhibits significant natriuretic potency, confirming its physiological role in sodium excretion.