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Study on West Nile virus persistence in monkeys.

V V Pogodina, M P Frolova, G V Malenko

    Archives of Virology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    West Nile virus (WNV) typically persists in rhesus monkeys for over 5 months, even after asymptomatic infections. This persistent WNV retains antigenicity but loses neurovirulence, suggesting a role in subacute central nervous system diseases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Neuroscience
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread arbovirus with diverse strains.
    • Persistence of WNV in hosts is not fully understood.
    • Subacute central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a concern in affected regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the persistence of West Nile virus in M. rhesus monkeys.
    • To characterize the properties of persisting WNV over time.
    • To explore the potential role of WNV in subacute CNS diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Inoculation of M. rhesus monkeys with different WNV strains.
    • Monitoring for viral persistence through isolation and characterization.
    • Cocultivation of infected monkey organ cells with indicator cell cultures.

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  • Morphological examination of CNS tissues from infected monkeys.

    • Main Results:

    • WNV persisted in M. rhesus monkeys for at least 5.5 months, irrespective of infection type (asymptomatic, encephalitis, febrile).
    • Persisting virus retained cytopathic and antigenic activity for 2 months but lost pathogenicity in mice.
    • After 5.5 months, WNV lost neurovirulence and cytopathic properties but induced antigen synthesis in susceptible cells.
    • WNV was predominantly found in the cerebellum, cerebral subcortical ganglia, lymph nodes, and kidneys.
    • Morphological analysis revealed subacute inflammatory-degenerative CNS processes in infected monkeys.

    Conclusions:

    • West Nile virus exhibits significant persistence in M. rhesus monkeys.
    • The evolving properties of persistent WNV, including loss of neurovirulence, are demonstrated.
    • WNV is a potential etiological agent for subacute CNS diseases, particularly in regions where it is endemic.