Multimers of anionic amphiphiles mimic calmodulin stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

Oleic acid, phosphatidylserine and pyrenedecanoic acid were found to activate calmodulin-deficient cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase at concentrations above their critical micellar concentration. In contrast with calmodulin these activators do not require the presence of Ca2+ for their action. It is shown that the size of phosphatidylserine vesicles is of crucial importance with respect to the activating potency of phosphatidylserine. Fluorescence measurements with the probe pyrenedecanoic acid revealed that micelles rather than monomers are the active species for stimulation of phosphodiesterase. There are indications that this result also may be applied to the other activators.