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High-dose naloxone affects task performance in normal subjects.

R M Cohen, M R Cohen, H Weingartner

    Psychiatry Research
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High doses of naloxone (2 mg/kg) impaired memory recall and recognition in healthy adults, suggesting the opioid system influences specific memory functions. Working memory remained unaffected by naloxone.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychopharmacology
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • The opioid system plays a role in various physiological and psychological processes.
    • Understanding the impact of opioid antagonists like naloxone on cognitive functions is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of increasing intravenous doses of naloxone on human memory processes.
    • To differentiate the impact of naloxone on effortful versus automatic memory processing and working memory.

    Main Methods:

    • Administration of escalating intravenous doses of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg) to healthy subjects.
    • Assessment of memory functions using a verbal learning task, evaluating direct free recall, recognition, and frequency monitoring.
    • Distinction between effortful processing (recall/recognition) and automatic processing (frequency monitoring).

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    Main Results:

    • Naloxone at a dose of 2 mg/kg significantly impaired memory performance in verbal learning tasks.
    • Lower doses of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) did not produce significant memory impairments.
    • Working memory capacity was unaffected by any of the tested naloxone doses.

    Conclusions:

    • The opioid system appears to be involved in specific aspects of human memory, particularly effortful and automatic processing.
    • Naloxone's memory-impairing effects are dose-dependent, with higher doses having a more pronounced impact.
    • These findings highlight the complex interaction between the opioid system and cognitive functions like memory.