[Will Naegleria fowleri become a public health problem?]

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis due Naegleria Fowleri is a rare disease. Less than 100 cases have been published and non have been described in France. Historical, clinical, taxonomical and epidemiological aspects of this infection are reviewed. The recent publication of a case which resolved under treatment and the discovery of Naegleria Fowleri in French warm waters incite to carry on pathogenetic and immunological research and field investigations for this parasite in order to understand its ecology.