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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
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Bacteriophage Mu: a transposing replicon.

N P Higgins, P Manlapaz-Ramos, R T Gandhi

    Cell
    |June 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study shows that Mu DNA replication in vitro involves semiconservative replication of Mu sequences within Mu boundaries, dependent on protein synthesis. These findings suggest observation of genuine Mu transposition-replication steps.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Microbiology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Mu DNA replication is a complex process involving transposition.
    • Understanding the in vitro mechanisms of Mu replication is crucial for deciphering its lifecycle.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the in vitro replication of Mu DNA.
    • To determine if observed replication steps align with bona fide Mu transposition-replication.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro replication of Mu DNA on cellophane discs using dBUTP.
    • Analysis of replicated DNA using CsCl density gradients.
    • Assessment of protein synthesis inhibition effects on replication.

    Main Results:

    • Sheared Mu DNA (80 kb) showed anomalous banding in CsCl gradients, indicating intermediate density DNA.
    • This intermediate DNA contained semiconservatively replicated Mu sequences alongside unreplicated DNA.
    • Replication and intermediate DNA formation were abolished by inhibiting protein synthesis prior to lysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Mu DNA replication in vitro occurs within Mu boundaries.
    • The observed replication process is dependent on protein synthesis, suggesting genuine transposition-replication steps are occurring in vitro.