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Complement receptor expression by neoplastic and normal human cells.

T A Gaither, I T Magrath, M Berger

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study reveals distinct complement receptor (CR) differences between Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells and other lymphocyte types. RAJI cells exhibit a unique C3b receptor, differing significantly from those on Epstein Barr virus-transformed cord blood lymphocytes and infectious mononucleosis cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Complement receptors (CRs) play a crucial role in immune responses by mediating the clearance of immune complexes and pathogens.
    • Understanding CR expression on different cell types, particularly malignant lymphocytes, is vital for developing targeted immunotherapies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare complement receptor expression and function on cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Epstein Barr virus-transformed cord blood lymphocytes (CB), and peripheral lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM).
    • To characterize the binding specificities and functional properties of complement receptors on these distinct cell populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Rosette formation assays using red blood cell intermediates coated with various complement fragments (C4b, C3b, C3bi, C3d).
    • Studies were conducted under conditions that inhibited the cleavage of cell-bound C3b by Factor I (C3bINA).

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  • Assessment of receptor interactions under varying ionic strengths and inhibition by fluid-phase complement proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • RAJI cells (BL) demonstrated differential rosetting with EAC3bi > EAC3d > EAC3b, and notably, did not bind EAC4b.
    • CB and IM cell lines bound EAC4b and required lower C3b densities for rosetting compared to RAJI cells.
    • Fluid-phase C3b and C4b differentially inhibited rosetting, indicating distinct receptor-ligand interactions. RAJI cells showed reduced rosetting with increased ionic strength, unlike phagocytic cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The RAJI cell line possesses a C3b receptor with unique characteristics distinct from those found on CB and IM cell lines.
    • The RAJI cell's C3b receptor interacts with soluble C4b but not cell-bound C4b, and its function is sensitive to ionic strength.
    • These findings highlight significant heterogeneity in complement receptor expression and function among lymphoid malignancies and normal lymphocytes, with potential implications for immune evasion and therapeutic targeting.