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Immunity to pasteurellosis in compromised rabbits.

L B Corbeil, D S Strayer, E Skaletsky

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Shope fibroma virus (SFV-MV) infection in rabbits causes immunosuppression, leading to pasteurellosis. Immunization with P multocida or E coli J5 offered partial protection against pasteurellosis in these compromised hosts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Immunology
    • Virology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Pasteurellosis is a significant concern in rabbits, often exacerbated by other infections.
    • Shope fibroma virus (SFV), particularly a malignant variant (SFV-MV), can induce immunosuppression in rabbits.
    • Rabbits naturally carry Pasteurella multocida, a common cause of pasteurellosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a rabbit model of immunosuppression using SFV-MV to study pasteurellosis.
    • To investigate the efficacy of immunoprophylaxis against pasteurellosis in SFV-MV-infected rabbits.

    Main Methods:

    • Rabbits carrying Pasteurella multocida were inoculated with SFV-MV or a non-malignant SFV strain.
    • Immune response was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assays and antigen detection via immunofluorescence.

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  • Immunization strategies using heat-killed P multocida or an Escherichia coli J5 mutant were employed before SFV-MV challenge.

    • Main Results:

    • SFV-MV inoculation led to tumor development, pasteurellosis (snuffles, conjunctivitis), metastases, and death.
    • SFV-MV infection significantly suppressed lymphocyte responsiveness and caused viral antigen presence in multiple organs and epithelia.
    • Immunization with P multocida or E coli J5 provided partial protection, reducing pasteurellosis severity in SFV-MV-infected rabbits.

    Conclusions:

    • The SFV-MV rabbit model effectively mimics immunosuppression-induced pasteurellosis.
    • Immunization with P multocida or E coli J5 demonstrates potential as a prophylactic measure for pasteurellosis in immunocompromised rabbits.