Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2026

Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle
11:56

Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle

Published on: November 9, 2009

Effects of a spider toxin on the glutaminergic synapse of lobster muscle

T Abe, N Kawai, A Miwa

    The Journal of Physiology
    |June 1, 1983
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises16:16

    Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

    Published on: January 18, 2011

    Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses10:25

    Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

    Published on: November 3, 2014

    Related Concept Videos

    Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade01:29

    Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade

    The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...
    Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

    Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

    Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
    Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
    Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

    Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

    Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
    The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
    Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

    Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

    Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
    Unlike...
    Tetanus01:29

    Tetanus

    Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
    Botulism01:22

    Botulism

    Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...