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Vanadium: chemistry and the kidney.

T D Phillips, B R Nechay, N D Heidelbaugh

    Federation Proceedings
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Vanadium, an essential trace element, can accumulate in kidneys, potentially impacting salt and water excretion by affecting the sodium-potassium pump. Chronic exposure to this metal raises environmental and health concerns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Vanadium (V) is a metallic element widely distributed in the environment.
    • Chronic exposure to vanadium is a growing concern due to industrial activities and its biomagnification.
    • Vanadium is found in trace amounts in animals and can form orthovanadate oxyanions in solution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of vanadium in renal function.
    • To understand the potential impact of vanadium accumulation in renal tissue.
    • To explore vanadium's regulatory role in salt and water excretion.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted.
    • Effects of vanadate on urinary excretion of solutes and water were measured in rats.

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  • Inhibition of renal organic ion accumulation and Na+, K+-ATPase by vanadium was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Vanadium concentrates in renal tissue, suggesting it as a primary site of action.
    • Vanadium administration increased urinary excretion of solutes and water in rats.
    • Vanadium inhibited renal organic ion accumulation and Na+, K+-ATPase activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The kidneys are a major site for vanadium action.
    • Vanadium may play a regulatory role in salt and water excretion by modifying the renal Na+ pump.
    • Understanding vanadium's renal effects is crucial given its environmental presence and essentiality.