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Related Experiment Videos

The orbicularis oculi response after hemispheral damage.

A Berardelli, N Accornero, G Cruccu

    Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Unilateral hemispheral lesions significantly impair corneal and blink reflexes, primarily affecting the afferent pathway. This study reveals how vascular brain damage impacts these crucial protective reflexes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Corneal and blink reflexes are vital protective mechanisms.
    • Unilateral hemispheral lesions can cause motor deficits.
    • Understanding reflex pathway integrity is crucial for neurological assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate corneal and blink reflexes in patients with unilateral hemispheral lesions.
    • To determine the specific branches (afferent/efferent) of the reflex arc affected.
    • To correlate reflex abnormalities with lesion characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed corneal and blink reflexes via electrical stimulation in 20 normal subjects and 30 patients.
    • Analyzed afferent and efferent pathways of the orbicularis oculi reflex.

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  • Utilized computer tomography to assess lesion extent and location.

    • Main Results:

    • Corneal reflex depression observed in 24/30 patients, mainly affecting the afferent branch.
    • Late R2 component of blink reflex depressed in 15/30 patients; early R1 component slightly facilitated.
    • Abnormal corneal reflex correlated with more extensive brain damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Unilateral hemispheral lesions disrupt corneal and blink reflexes, predominantly impacting afferent pathways.
    • Pyramidal tract damage slows brainstem conduction, leading to reflex impairment.
    • The blink reflex exhibits a greater safety factor than the corneal reflex.