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Related Experiment Videos

Structural similarities between viroids and transposable genetic elements.

M C Kiefer, R A Owens, T O Diener

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Tomato viroids, tomato apical stunt viroid and tomato planta macho viroid, share structural similarities with transposable genetic elements. This suggests viroids may have evolved from these elements or retroviral proviruses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant pathology
    • Molecular virology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that infect plants.
    • The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) group is a well-characterized family of viroids.
    • Understanding viroid structure and origin is crucial for plant disease management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the primary and secondary structures of tomato planta macho viroid (TPMV) and tomato apical stunt viroid (TASV).
    • To investigate the phylogenetic relationship of TPMV and TASV with other known viroids.
    • To explore the potential evolutionary origin of viroids.

    Main Methods:

    • Primary and secondary structure determination of TPMV and TASV RNA.
    • Sequence homology analysis and comparative sequence analysis of viroid RNA genomes.

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  • Identification of conserved sequence motifs and structural features.

    • Main Results:

    • The primary and probable secondary structures of TPMV and TASV were determined.
    • Both viroids exhibit a characteristic rod-like conformation with extensive base-pairing.
    • High sequence homology (75%) between TPMV and TASV, and with PSTVd group members (73-83%), places them within this group.
    • Comparative analysis revealed striking similarities between viroid sequences and the ends of transposable genetic elements, including inverted repeats and flanking imperfect direct repeats.

    Conclusions:

    • TPMV and TASV belong to the PSTVd viroid group.
    • Structural and sequence similarities suggest a possible origin of viroids from transposable genetic elements or retroviral proviruses.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of viroid evolution and replication.