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Rate theory models for ion transport through rigid pores. II. Time-dependent analysis of the single-file model with
Abstract:
This article deals with the time-dependent evolution of the single-file movement of ions through channels of both biological and artificial membranes. The single-file transport process may exhibit not only the usual relaxation behaviour but also oscillatory behaviour as a steady state is approached after an initial perturbation. A necessary condition for the occurrence of oscillations is that the system acts sufficiently far from equilibrium. The occurrence of oscillations is due to the interactions within the transport system which are taken into account by the single-file model; these are the electrostatic repulsion between the ions being transported, and the competition of the ions for the free binding sites within the pore. Information about the strength of the interactions can be obtained by measuring the damping of the transport observables (e.g. the electric current): The stronger the inter-ionic repulsion, the more apparent the oscillatory behaviour will become. Furthermore, the damping is influenced by the microscopic structure of the transport system (i.e. the energy profile of the pores). With an increasing degree of microscopicity, i.e. with a decreasing number of binding sites and an increasingly irregular pore profile, the oscillations become more damped. However, a considerable oscillatory behaviour can only be predicted for pores with both a sufficiently regular structure and a sufficiently large number of binding sites. For this class of pores, however, the measurement of the damping represents an appropriate method of gaining information which could exceed that obtainable from the usual methods of measuring stationary quantities (e.g. stationary conductance). Moreover, our goal is to explain theoretically how the oscillatory behaviour can be interpreted in terms of the order inherent in the ionic movement, which is determined by both the external and internal forces and the microscopic properties of the system.