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Mitochondrial DNA evolution in mice.

S D Ferris, R D Sage, E M Prager

    Genetics
    |November 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity was analyzed in eight mouse species. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed mouse classification, revealing significant mtDNA variation in wild populations but homogeneity in lab strains, suggesting ancient human-mouse associations.

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Genomics
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Mammalian Phylogenetics

    Background:

    • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships and population genetics.
    • The subgenus Mus presents a complex evolutionary history, with ongoing debate regarding species classification.
    • Laboratory mouse strains are widely used models, but their genetic diversity relative to wild counterparts is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity across eight species within the subgenus Mus.
    • To assess the phylogenetic utility of mtDNA for resolving species boundaries in the Mus complex.
    • To compare mtDNA variation between wild mouse populations and laboratory strains.

    Main Methods:

    • High-resolution restriction mapping of purified mtDNA from 208 animals across eight Mus species.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative sequence analysis against a reference mouse mtDNA sequence.
  • Phylogenetic analysis incorporating fossil and other evolutionary evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant mtDNA variation was observed, with approximately 200 out of 300 cleavage sites showing differences, and a length mutation in the displacement loop.
    • Phylogenetic analysis supported the revised classification of Mus species, distinguishing between commensal and aboriginal groups.
    • Wild populations of Mus domesticus and Mus musculus exhibit substantial mtDNA variation, while laboratory strains show limited diversity, often featuring an 'old inbred' type.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitochondrial DNA is a valuable marker for resolving species-level relationships within the Mus subgenus.
    • The genetic homogeneity of laboratory mouse strains contrasts with the diversity found in wild populations.
    • The estimated mtDNA divergence rate suggests a commensal association between mice and humans beginning over a million years ago.