Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in captive exotic ruminants

Antibody to bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus was found in 174 of 1,905 (9.1%) exotic ruminants. Of the seropositive animals, 129 had titers of at least 1:8. When serums from zoos that had vaccinated against BVD were excluded from analysis, 60 of 1,390 samples (4.3%) were seropositive for BVD. Noncytopathogenic strains of BVD virus were isolated from 5 exotic ruminants.