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Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of human thyroid cell function.

R S Toccafondi, M L Brandi, A Melander

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) activates human thyroid cells, stimulating thyroid hormone release. This suggests VIPergic nerves may play a role in autonomic nervous system control of thyroid function.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Cellular Biology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Neurons producing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) innervate thyroid follicular cells in humans and other mammals.
    • The autonomic nervous system, including sympathetic-adrenergic and parasympathetic-cholinergic pathways, is known to influence thyroid function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of VIP on human thyroid cells.
    • To compare the thyroid-stimulating activity of VIP with that of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
    • To explore the potential role of VIPergic nerves in the autonomic control of thyroid function.

    Main Methods:

    • Human thyroid cells in culture were exposed to varying concentrations of VIP and TSH.
    • Thyroid cell activation was measured by assessing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Thyroxine (T4) release from human thyroid slices was measured following VIP exposure.
  • The effects of polyphloretin phosphate, antiadrenergic, and anticholinergic agents were evaluated.

    • Main Results:

    • VIP induced a dose-dependent activation of thyroid cells, evidenced by increased cAMP levels.
    • VIP's thyroid-stimulating effect was faster and shorter-acting than that of TSH.
    • The effects of VIP and TSH were additive at low concentrations, suggesting distinct receptor pathways.
    • Polyphloretin phosphate inhibited TSH's effect but not VIP's, indicating different receptor interactions.
    • VIP stimulated T4 release from human thyroid slices.
    • Antiadrenergic and anticholinergic agents did not affect VIP-induced thyroid activation.

    Conclusions:

    • VIP acts as a thyroid-stimulating agent in humans, comparable to TSH but with distinct characteristics.
    • VIP appears to activate thyroid cells via different receptors than TSH.
    • VIPergic nerves may represent an additional pathway in the autonomic nervous control of thyroid function, alongside adrenergic and cholinergic nerves.