Beta 2-adrenoceptor density on membranes and on intact mononuclear cells in essential hypertension

Alterations in the status or in the regulation of adrenoceptors may contribute to essential hypertension. This could be studied using the recently introduced radio-ligand binding techniques to characterize the adrenoceptors on human peripheral blood cells. The present study shows that patients with essential hypertension have a twofold increase of beta 2-adrenoceptor density on intact mononuclear cells as compared to normotensive controls: 859 +/- 260 (n = 10) vs. 420 +/- 119 (n = 10) maximal binding sites for (+/-) 125-Iodocyanopindolol expressed as molecules per cell (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, there is a highly significant correlation (r = 0.86) between the calculated mean arterial blood pressure and the beta 2-adrenoceptor density over a wide range of normal and increased blood pressure. These findings could only be demonstrated with intact mononuclear cells but not with membrane fractions. No difference was found in receptor affinity between patients with essential hypertension and normotensive controls. Thus, essential hypertension is combined with a higher beta 2-adrenoceptor density on intact mononuclear cells which might represent, for example, an increased density of prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors. Mean arterial blood pressure is positively correlated with beta 2-adrenoceptor density over a wide range of blood pressure in normotensives and hypertensives. The expression of beta 2-binding sites on the cell surface is possibly altered in essential hypertension resulting in a disparity between intracellular and extracellular binding sites as compared with normotensives.