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Herpes simplex virus and congenital malformations.

J W Karesh, S Kapur, M MacDonald

    Southern Medical Journal
    |December 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transplacental herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection caused severe congenital abnormalities and neurological issues in an infant. Diagnosis was confirmed by elevated HSV antibodies and viral presence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Neonatalogy
    • Teratology

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common viral infection.
    • Vertical transmission of HSV from mother to infant can occur during pregnancy or delivery.
    • Congenital HSV infection can lead to severe neonatal complications.

    Observation:

    • A case of transplacental transmission of HSV infection is presented.
    • The infant exhibited significant congenital malformations, including facial abnormalities, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and cranial calcifications.
    • The neonate presented with profound neurological deficits, seizures, and respiratory distress prior to death.

    Findings:

    • Elevated serum IgM and complement-fixing antibodies to HSV were detected at birth.
    • Light and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of HSV.
    • Immunofluorescence studies further corroborated the viral diagnosis.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the severe consequences of congenital HSV infection.
    • Early diagnosis and potential interventions are crucial for managing neonatal HSV.
    • Understanding transplacental transmission is vital for preventing severe birth defects.

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