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Na+/H+ antiporters.

T A Krulwich

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |December 30, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sodium-proton (Na+/H+) antiporters are crucial for cellular functions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, facilitating ion transport and pH regulation. Further research is needed to confirm specific protein carriers responsible for these vital exchange mechanisms.

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    The Na(+)-dependence of alkaliphily in Bacillus.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    • Cell Physiology
    • Membrane Transport

    Background:

    • Na+/H+ antiport systems are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes.
    • Their exact mechanisms and specific protein carriers are not fully elucidated due to experimental complexities.
    • These antiporters play roles in ion circulation, bioenergetics, and pH homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the evidence for Na+/H+ antiporter activity in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • To discuss the implications of Na+/H+ antiport in cellular processes like ion transport and pH regulation.
    • To highlight the early stages of research into the structural and functional characterization of these antiporters.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and experimental evidence.
    • Analysis of studies involving mutant strains and ion transport assays.
    • Examination of data related to bioenergetic processes and pH homeostasis.

    Main Results:

    • Prokaryotic Na+/H+ antiporters can be delta psi-dependent or electroneutral, crucial for Na+ circulation and alkaline pH homeostasis.
    • Eukaryotic Na+/H+ antiport is typically electroneutral, amiloride-sensitive, involved in Na+ uptake, H+ extrusion, and intracellular pH regulation.
    • Evidence suggests links between Na+/H+ antiporters and Na+/solute symporters in bacteria.

    Conclusions:

    • Na+/H+ antiporters are vital for maintaining cellular ion balance and pH, with distinct roles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • While their effects are evident, definitive proof of specific protein carriers is still emerging.
    • Further structural and genetic studies are essential to fully understand the nature and function of Na+/H+ antiporters.

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