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Anti-D prozone and membrane sulfhydryl modification.

J T Jameson, J E Kleeman, S P Masouredis

    Transfusion
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thimerosal and phenol can inactivate the D antigen on red blood cells, leading to false-negative results in blood testing. This occurs due to progressive D antigen inactivation, impacting blood compatibility assessments.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Blood banking
    • Serology

    Background:

    • The D antigen is crucial for Rh blood group compatibility.
    • Prozone reactions can occur in blood testing, leading to diagnostic challenges.
    • Preservatives like thimerosal and phenol are commonly used in blood reagents.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism of IgG anti-D prozone formation.
    • To determine the effect of thimerosal and phenol on D antigen integrity.
    • To understand the impact of these chemicals on anti-D antibody-antigen interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Red blood cells were exposed to varying concentrations of thimerosal and phenol.
    • The reactivity of D antigen and anti-D antibodies was assessed.
    • The stability of D antigen-antibody complexes was analyzed.

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    Main Results:

    • Progressive inactivation of the D antigen was observed with increasing thimerosal and phenol concentrations.
    • Partial inactivation led to unstable complexes, increased anti-D dissociation, and reduced antiglobulin reaction.
    • Complete D antigen inactivation occurred above 0.43 microM thimerosal.

    Conclusions:

    • Thimerosal and phenol can interfere with D antigen detection, potentially causing false-negative results.
    • The inactivation mechanism may involve sulfhydryl groups, but further investigation is needed.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for accurate blood transfusion practices.