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Interaction between Taenia taeniaeformis and the complement system.

B Hammerberg, J F Williams

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Parasite factors from Taenia taeniaeformis interact with the complement (C) system, depleting C levels and altering immune responses. This interaction may help the parasite evade immune rejection during infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Parasitology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The complement (C) system is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity.
    • Parasitic infections often involve complex interactions with the host immune system.
    • Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes reside in host tissues, suggesting mechanisms to evade immune responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interaction between factors from Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes and the complement system.
    • To determine the effects of these parasite factors on complement activation and function in vitro and in vivo.
    • To explore the potential role of complement modulation in parasite evasion of host immunity.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro assays to assess complement depletion, anaphylatoxin generation, C3 conversion, and C fixation via classical and alternative pathways.

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  • In vivo studies in rats involving intravenous administration of parasite factors to evaluate circulating C levels and inflammatory responses.
  • Monitoring of hemolytic C levels in infected rats over 8 weeks.

    • Main Results:

    • Parasite factors induced non-immunological C fixation through both classical and alternative pathways.
    • In vitro, factors caused C depletion, anaphylatoxin-like activity, C3 conversion, and vascular permeability changes.
    • In vivo, intravenous administration of factors led to profound, non-refractory depression of circulating C levels in rats.
    • C-dependent inflammatory skin responses were inhibited by parasite factor administration.
    • Circulating C levels remained unaltered in infected rats during the initial 8 weeks of infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Factors from Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes actively modulate the complement system.
    • Local complement consumption around the parasite may facilitate immune evasion and reduce inflammatory rejection.
    • This parasitic modulation of complement represents a potential immune evasion strategy.