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Interference with short-term visual memory produced by concurrent central processing.

N E Kroll, T E Parks

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Learning and Memory
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Faster decision times in speech comparison tasks occur when memory and test stimuli are physically identical, not just name-identical. This effect persists even with long retention intervals and interfering tasks, though less so when rehearsal is disrupted.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Experimental Psychology
    • Speech Perception

    Background:

    • Investigating the influence of stimulus identity on cognitive task performance.
    • Examining the role of memory representation in speech comparison.
    • Understanding factors affecting decision times and accuracy in auditory tasks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if physically identical stimuli yield faster decision times than name-identical stimuli in a speech comparison task.
    • To assess the impact of retention interval duration and intervening tasks on this effect.
    • To explore individual differences, specifically verbal ability, in response to stimulus identity.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments utilizing a speech comparison task with double-letter memory and test stimuli.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulation of stimulus identity (physically identical vs. name-identical).
  • Variations in retention interval length (up to 12 seconds) and task interference during the interval.

    • Main Results:

    • Decision times were significantly faster for physically identical stimuli compared to name-identical stimuli.
    • This advantage persisted across various retention intervals and interfering tasks.
    • The benefit of physically identical stimuli was greatest when the retention interval was unfilled, suggesting rehearsal plays a role.
    • High verbal subjects showed a smaller advantage for physically identical stimuli but responded similarly to low verbal subjects regarding task difficulty effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical identity of speech stimuli provides a robust advantage in comparison tasks, even under challenging conditions.
    • The effectiveness of physical identity is modulated by the opportunity for rehearsal during retention intervals.
    • Individual differences in verbal ability influence the magnitude of this advantage but not the overall pattern of performance changes.